Walt Whitman’s Political Force - Poetry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 846 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Walt Whitman Essay Did you like this example? Walt Whitman’s Political Force Poetry The 19th century was an era of discovery and realization. Ideas like equality, and individuality were becoming more prevalent in society. One of the first and most famous people to introduce these ideas to the world was poet Walt Whitman. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Walt Whitman’s Political Force Poetry" essay for you Create order In August of 1856, Walt Whitman wrote a letter to his friend and colleague Ralph Waldo Emerson. In this letter, Whitman shares what he intends to achieve through writing poetry. Throughout the letter, there are ideas about the value of human life, the sanctity of the human body, and equality. These themes and elements are expressed in Whitman’s poetry. In his letter to Emerson, Whitman states that â€Å"in poems, the young men of the States shall be represented, for they outrival the best of the rest of the earth.† It is evident that Whitman recognizes the value of human life, specifically the lives of young men, and he intends to present this value and importance to the rest of the world. Whitman achieves this idea in the poem â€Å"The Wound Dresser†. In this poem, Whitman refers to the blood of young men as â€Å"priceless†. The use of the word priceless in this context allows the reader to catch a glimpse of just how important these young men are to Whitman. In his view, there is no battle worth the blood of young. In this poem, Whitman also says, â€Å"yet I think I could not refuse this moment to die for you, if that would save you.† He values the lives of these brave young men over his own. He cares deeply enough for them that he would lay down his life if it meant they could live. Whitman successfully achieves the idea that the young men of America are the â€Å"best of the rest of the earth† by giving the audience a look into his mind and emotions. Another thing that Whitman intends to achieve through his poetry is the normalization of sex and the human body. In his letter, Whitman says, â€Å"by silence or obedience to the pens of savans [savants], poets, historians, biographers, and the rest, have long connived at the filthy law, and books enslaved to it, that what makes the manhood of a man, that sex, womanhood, maternity, desires, lusty animations, organs, acts, are unmentionable and to be ashamed of, to be driven skulk out of literature with whatever belongs to them. This filthy law has to be repealed it stands in the way of great reforms.† Whitman believes that sex and the human body are natural things that should be celebrated, not hidden away from society or declared as taboo. The poem â€Å"I Sing the Body Electric† perfectly encapsulates these ideas. Throughout this poem, Whitman catalogues different parts of the body to allow his audience to envision the human body in all its glory. With this visualization, comes normalcy. By declaring the human body and sex as sacred and beautiful, Whitman hopes that more people will create art and poetry about it, and eventually lead to a society where there is no shame in either. Whitman also expresses how he hopes to inform his audience about equality. He states in his letter to Emerson that â€Å"of women just as much as men, it is the interest that there should not be infidelism about sex, but perfect faith. Women in These States approach the day of that organic equality among themselves.† Whitman believes that women should be concerned with the normalization of sexual expression in poems, and that they are an equal part in the conversation. In Whitman’s poem â€Å"I Sing the Body Electric† he focuses on discussing and celebrating the physical body, both male and female. A passage in section two of â€Å"I Sing the Body Electric†, says, â€Å"that of the male is perfect, and that of the female is perfect,† in reference to the human body. Near the end of section five, Whitman praises women by saying, â€Å"Be not ashamed women, your privilege encloses the rest and is the exit of the rest, you are the gates of the body, and you are the gates of the soul.† Whitman is essentially celebrating women for their bodies and telling them that having a female body is a privilege and not something to be ashamed about. Saying something like this would have been considered inappropriate or even scandalous during Whitman’s time. This is because women were typically encouraged to stay covered and modest to conceal any expression of sexuality. By declaring the female body as beautiful and something that should be celebrated rather than hidden away, Whitman is achieving his goal of equality through poetry. It is evident through his unique and personal poems that for Whitman, poetry wasn’t just a vehicle for expressing political beliefs, but a political force itself. He intended to change society’s view of sexuality, the human body, and equality through his poems. It is thanks to creative and determined people like him that modern day society has evolved into a more tolerant and free place.

Mcdonald s A Fast Food Hamburger Chain - 1037 Words

(â€Å"McDonald’s Wordmark†) (â€Å"McDonald’s Prix†) (â€Å"Nos Menus†) By: Austin Gardner 2-1 January 28, 2015 Ms. Chalmers Introduction McDonald’s is a multinational fast-food hamburger chain. The company was founded in 1940 by two brothers named Maurice and Richard McDonald (â€Å"McDonald’s†). McDonald’s currently has over 35,000 restaurants and serve over 68 million customers a day on average (â€Å"History of†). The fast-food giant makes 28 billion dollars annually, and are the largest fast-food chain in the world (â€Å"McDonald’s†). That calculates to 75 million dollars a day, which is unreal. This paper will examine the working conditions of the employees. (â€Å"McDonald’s Across the World†) History In 1937 Richard and Maurice’s father decided to open a food stand as a hobby (â€Å"History of†). Orange juice and hamburgers were sold below market price (â€Å"History of†) In fact, burgers were originally sold for only 15 cents (Gilbert, 8). After three years, the two brothers realized that their father’s business was actually very profitable. Richard and Maurice decided to lease a building and open up a drive-in restaurant, to make larger production possible; they named it â€Å"McDonald’s Bar-B-Q† and the soon to be fast-food giant had begun (â€Å"History of†). The restaurant the brothers opened was a drive-in, and was an instant hit. In 1948, the McDonald brothers decided that it was time to open a sit-down restaurant in which their main priority was efficiency (â€Å"HistoryShow MoreRelatedMcdonald s The World s Biggest Chain Of Hamburger Fast Food Restaurants Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesMcDonald s is the world s biggest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers every day in 119 nations crosswise over 35,000 outlets. Founded in the United States in 1940, the organization started as a grilled restaurant worked with Richard and Maurice McDonald. In 1948, they redesigned their business as a hamburger stand utilizing generation line standard. Ray Kroc joined the organization as an established agent in 1955. He in this way acquired the chain fromRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Mcdonald s The World s Largest Chain Of Hamburger Fast Food Restaurants1014 Words   |  5 Pages Tiffany SFB1 McDonald’s is the world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries across 35,000 outlets. This company has joined the CSR program and be more socially responsible such as doing charity,promoting healthy eating and improving sporting opportunities in some local school. Some people believe that this attempt is beneficial for such a firm. Therefore, I partly agree with this statement. CSR (Corporate SocialRead MoreRecruitment And Selection Processes At Mcdonald s The American Fast Food And Hamburger Chain1465 Words   |  6 PagesThis report presents a description, analysis, and evaluation of the recruitment and selection processes at McDonald’s, the American fast food and hamburger chain. The enterprise is one of the largest restaurant chains globally, operating many outlets in many countries, including Canada. McDonald’s is one of the biggest private employers worldwide because of its numerous outlets in many countries. It operates largely in the model of franchises, in which the enterprise licenses its trade name, productsRead MoreBurger King Is The Best Burger Chain1063 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the first hamburger chain was born more than 100 years ago. Since then hundreds of burger chains have prospered; top competitors today are McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Burger King. And this argument discusses why Burger King is the best burger chain among those three. By stating straightforward, Mcdonald s share the most in the hamburger industry. However, Burger King is much better than McDonald s business wise, taste wise, and charity wise. Burger King was founded in 1954, and is the second largestRead MoreMcdonalds vs Burger King1374 Words   |  6 PagesFast food is currently one of the biggest businesses in the United States due to the hectic schedules that the average person has to deal with. It is often necessary to grab food on the go because there just isn’t enough time to cook at home. This is the main reason behind the tremendous success of fast food giants such as McDonalds and Burger King. McDonald s Corporation is the world s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countriesRead MoreFast Food Feast - Mcdonalds Versus Whataburger1643 Words   |  7 PagesFast Food Feast-McDonald’s versus Whataburger Student Name Course Date Instructor Fast Food Feast - McDonald’s versus Whataburger Operation and Supply chain management (OSCM) is one of the foundations that successful businesses count on to provide a competitive advantage within their industry. The goal of OSCM is to develop and maintain a system that effectively and efficiently manages the flow of raw material resources into useful end products for consumer use (Chase, 2006). In theRead MoreFast Foods And Fast Food1649 Words   |  7 PagesFast food is popular because it s convenient, it s cheap, and it tastes good. But the real cost of eating fast food never appears on the menu, was said by Eric Schlosser. Several people in America have become dependent on fast foods. How many of the people who eat this food actually know what is really in the food or how it was made? Others don t think about it, because within ordering, three minutes later a customer can pull up to the window, pay, and get food. It is quick and cheap. The UnitedRead MoreTropical Hut Case Study1240 Words   |  5 PagesTropical Hut Th e Pioneer Fast food Industry in the Philippines: A Case Study. ` It started in 1962 when Que family had this idea of putting up a coffee shop within the confines of their supermarket. With its place strategically located near supermarkets, it has been attracting families and friends for lunch or light snacks after grocery time. Tropical Hut is one of the oldest fast food chains in the Philippines. It is a local fast food chain that made the burger become popular. It was first establishedRead MoreThe Success Of The Fast Food Industry1295 Words   |  6 Pagesfor 17 years. The fast food industry began with two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, in San Bernardino, California in the 1940s. They owned a small, but very successful restaurant that sold only a few kinds of simple food, mostly hamburgers. People stood outside the restaurant at a window as the workers inside took their order. It was a quick process of paying and receiving their food. The business was very successful that the McDonald brothers realized they could sell a lot of food and lower theirRead MoreFast Food Nation : The Dark Side Of The All American Meal1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe author of Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of The All-American Meal is Eric Schlosser. The book was published in New York by Houghton Mifflin in 2001 and there are 288 pages in the main book. The author s main points focus on the impact of fast food s impact relating to agricultural and economic practice. Topics described in the book include the creators of many fast food chains and their origins; what goes o n behind the counter of a fast food restaurant; how the food, including fries and meat

Paper on US Presidential Campaigns Free Essays

This has been the strangest of American election campaigns; the most exciting in 40 years in terms of the closeness of the contest, yet one in which both major candidates have utterly failed to capture the national imagination. The lead in the polls has changed hands half a dozen times since September and, even at this late stage, only the very bravest dare forecast the outcome. Campaigning, alas, tends to bring out the worst in Gore. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper on US Presidential Campaigns or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the standard-bearer of the incumbent party, he should have long since locked up this election. Yet his turgid style, his maddening tendency to condescension, and his craven unwillingness to depart from the script provided by his advisers have combined to squander the â€Å"peace and prosperity† factor that should have guaranteed victory. It should be said, too, that his Republican opponent, George W Bush, has improved considerably as the campaign has progressed. Not only has he won the personality contest, a vital component of any American election, hands down; he has held his own in the second debate, adroitly focused his attack on Gore’s weak points, and avoided the gaffes that everyone expected. In short, he has done enough to make a plausible president. But that does not mean he would be a good president. His short attention span, his pervasive lacks of curiosity, his general lightness of being, remain unnerving. He has mastered his lines, but all too often does not seem to understand them. On the domestic front, Gore’s ideas for using the massive budget surpluses ahead are far more convincing; his ideas on abortions, global warming, education, and campaign-finance reform more clearly address the problems facing America. Gore-appointed justices in the Supreme Court would offer added protection against a social lurch to the right. Al Gore believes that a woman should have a right to legal abortions, and that they should be â€Å"safe and rare.† Gore supports FDA approval of abortion pill Mifeprex and he wants to reinforce security around clinics to protect the doctors who perform abortions, and the patients who seek their services. â€Å"I think it†s up to the woman, and I strongly support a woman†s right to chose, and I support the FDA†s approval, assuming it†s safe for the woman who takes it,† said Gore. Bush on the other hand disagrees completely saying that the FDA†s decision was totally wrong. Ensuring Clean and Reliable Sources of Electricity: Al Gore’s plan would ensure clean and reliable sources of electricity by enhancing our nation’s capacities to reliably generate and distribute electricity and by providing market-based incentives to clean up aging power plants. Gore revived the issue of global warming, a subject from his past that he has generally ignored this year. Seizing on a new UN report asserting that pollution appears to be raising world temperatures, Gore tried to portray global warming as a populist issue. He called the effort to stop global warming a fight against big polluters, in an attack similar to those he has made on drug companies, insurance companies, health-maintenance organizations. â€Å"It does not have to happen and won†t happen if we put our minds to solving this problem,† Gore said of the predicted rise in temperature and problems that would create. Gore†s turn to global warming suggests he now thinks he can use the subject to cast an unfavorable light on Bush, who has expressed skepticism about the danger. Bush says, â€Å"It†s an issue that we need to take very seriously. I don†t think we know the solution to global warming yet and I don†t think we†ve got all the facts before we make decisions.† In the field of education Gore says: â€Å"We can’t reform education with half an agenda. We can’t make education our top priority if huge tax cuts for the wealthy are already the first, second, and third priority. That’s really the choice we face: a commitment to education for life or a set of priorities that could leave us with budget deficits for life.† He argues that if you drain the money away from the public schools for private vouchers, it hurts the public schools. George W. Bush has a narrower education agenda because his massive tax cut leaves few resources to invest in education. Vice President Al Gore supports reforms to eliminate gray areas in legislation. He backs McCain-Feingold Bill because it†s that important that all of the issues like prescription drugs for seniors that is opposed by the drug companies, will be easier to pass if we limit the influence of special interests. Whereas Bush supports an effort to ban corporate soft money labor union soft money. Bush thinks that there needs to be instant disclosure on the Internet as to who†s given to whom. Gore supports using $2.2 trillion of the Social Security surpluses to shore up the program and pay down the debt, thus saving billions of dollars in interest, which can be redirected to ensuring the solvency of the Social Security trust fund until at least 2050. He supports the elimination of the Social Security earnings limit, which the president signed into law on April 7, 2000. Gore supports an increase in benefits for widows and eliminating the â€Å"motherhood penalty† — the resulting reduction in benefits for women who take time off from work to raise children. â€Å"I do not believe it’s right to play games with Social Security or pit young against old in a scramble to fulfill extravagant and competing campaign promises,† he said in a speech in Kissimmee, in central Florida. â€Å"I believe we have to strengthen Social Security by giving unprecedented new opportunities for families to save more, invest more and get higher returns,† Gore said. Bush does not rule out the possibility of rising the eligibility age for baby boom-era recipients as part of trade-off for private investment accounts. Bush freely admits that he would rely on advisers. They are an indisputably reassuring bunch, led by Colin Powell, his likely Secretary of State, and Dick Cheney, his running mate and a former Secretary of Defense. But what if the advisers disagree? Again, I come back to Bush’s lack of depth. The Republican might have won the campaign. But Gore deserves to win the election and the presidency; Gore†s views are clearly more logical and realistic to this country and that†s why I would vote for Gore. How to cite Paper on US Presidential Campaigns, Papers

Impact of E-commerce on Fashion Retail

Question: Write about theImpact of E-commerce on Fashion Retail. Answer: Introduction With the globalization and the rapid growth in the information technology, the e-commerce industry has developed drastically. It has intervened in all the consumer goods industry along with the fashion industry. The e-commerce concept refers to the process in which the companies sell their products through online mediums. The fashion industry is a global industry with very long supply chain in which various processes such as production of fiber and yarn, garmenting and retailing occurs. Previously, the fashion industry was a local industry in which the garments and the textiles were designed and produced near customers (Agarwal Durga, 2016). In the last two decades, the fashion industry all across the globe has faced several structural and disruptive changes. These changes have occurred due to the globalization, technology emergence and sustainability issues. In this essence, the present literature review examines the view of the various prominent authors regarding the impact of the e-commerce industry on the fashion industry in Australia. Impact of E-commerce Industry on the Fashion Retail in Australia According to Saha (2015), various technological developments such as the use of internet and e-commerce are transforming the fashion industry. There are three main stakeholders in the fashion industry, namely producers, retailers and the designers. However, with the emergence of the internet, the fashion industry is more driven by the consumer demands and the preferences. The consumers are becoming more specific regarding the fabrics, colors, prints and style of their clothes. Burt Sparks (2003) have stated that previously, the fashion retailers used to access the online retailers through physical stores only. However, in the recent years the rise of the e-commerce and the m-commerce has reduced the distinction between the online and the offline medium rapidly. The impact of the internet on the retailers is to increase the access of the fashion retailers to their customers. With the internet, the fashion retailers are able to connect with their customers in a new manner. Moreover, they do not need a specific floor design and tremendous space to reach their potential customers. The physical stores have become a part of the communication and the sales strategy of the organizations rather than being the only way to connect to the customers. Steel, et al. (2013) have discussed that although was estimated that the reduction in the importance of the physical stores would result in less interesting designs, the opportunity to the retail stores to communicate and build their online brand has resulted to create more impactful and attractive physical store design. Moreover, the opportunity to the fashion organizations to use both the physical stores as well as the online stores has been useful to create strong brand awareness and customer loyalty. The e-commerce industry has also been integral in identifying the needs and the preferences of the customers. Presently, the consumers can pick dresses from much larger and varied collection of dresses. The shoppers and the e-commerce have been responsible for it. The fashion companies are using e-commerce shopping patterns to examine the choice of the customers. The omni-channel retailing has integrated the experience of online and offline shopping. The retailers who are using both the approaches have been benefited in the number of retail sales. According to Kim, Jin Park, (2009), the online retail in the fashion industry has increased drastically. The number of factors responsible for the sales of the e-commerce sector can be classified as digital penetration, limitation of the physical stores, growth of internet habitual customers and the improved supply chain of the fashion industry. The digital penetration has increased with the convergence of the physical and digital retail space. The digital penetration has reduced the cost to the companies with the penetration of the smartphones and the internet penetration. According to Flavin, Guinalu (2007), with the increase of the internet users, the internet habitual users are rapidly growing all across the globe. The internet habitual users are the consumers who are increasingly dependent upon the users. They are habitual and adept in performing complex task on the internet. With the growing usage of the internet users, e-retailing is growing at a fast pace. Recently, the phenomenon of the social-e-commerce has also emerged in which the social media users are posting pictures of their outfits and also showing it to other customers and details are provided regarding the places at which others can buy it. Burke (2002) has discussed that the organized retail or the fashion retail has been in the market for many years. However, the percent contribution to the total sales has declined due to the structural issues faced by the physical stores. The most important challenge in the physical presence is that most of the retail outlets are present in the large cities and cannot fulfill the increasing desire of citizens in the smaller cities. This issue in the physical presence of the retail stores is increasing the demand of online channels because of its wide reach and capability to deliver at very small regions where the presence of the physical stores is not viable or take several years to reach. Due to the easy access of the online retail, several fashion retail brands have entered in the online retail category. Trusov, Bucklin, Pauwels (2009) have stated that the marketing and the promotional strategies of the e-commerce companies have also increased the penetration of the e-commerce in the fashion industry. The availability of discounts and promotion, easy returns, EMIs, mass media campaign and fast delivery has increased the popularity of the e-commerce companies. Moreover, 3D trial rooms have provided the option of the virtual trials for apparel and lifestyle products for the customers who want to try the fashion product before using it. According to the perception of Park, Kim, Funches and Foxx, (2012) the fashion industry is a fast evolving market segment and the customer expectations is changing the structure of this industry. The e-commerce fashion companies need to understand the customer preference and change their proposition accordingly. It is also important for the companies to constantly innovate their products to remain profitable in hypercompetitive marketplace. Ko, Kim an Lee (2009) have stated that with the popularity of internet and the mobile devices, the mobile commerce has become the new service frontier. With the increased business competition, the mobile commerce has become the most common tool for the communication between the business enterprises and the customers. The mobile commerce refers to the indirect and the direct transactions which involves a monetary value and conducted on an online medium or telecommunication network. The m-commerce involves several kinds of transactions such as auctions, shopping and mobile phone services. The m-commerce is an extension of the e-commerce; however, it is considered as a separate channel which provides convenience and accessibility from any place and time. Therefore, the mobile commerce can be commonly used in a number of contexts. The mobile is commonly used for delivering numerous value-added services to the customers along with the traditional entertainment and communication facilities . Therefore, the marketing managers are effectively using m-commerce to increase the individual adoption intentions of the customers. With the development of the IT and the internet infrastructure, the fashion companies are adopting the opportunity of mobile retail to increase their customer base. There are certain factors in the mobile commerce such as ubiquity, instant connectivity, localization and personalization which has increased the popularity of m-commerce in the industry. Vecchi (2016) has stated that as the large fashion companies have started relying on the e-commerce industry to gain more customers, the small and the medium enterprises are also trying to grow by using e-commerce. The clothing industry in the e-commerce is using designers, manufactures, e-retailers and customers in an online platform. As a result, the fashion companies in the e-business are entering through the medium of business-to-business (B2B) and business to customer (B2C) business models. The fashion industry in the e-commerce has also well-developed as few companies are selling a specific products whereas other companies are using diversity of products. Accordng to Gunasekaran et al. (2002) with the emergence of the e-business, there has been a shift of impact from manufacturers to retailers. The traditional supply chain of the fashion company used to concentrate on product rather than customer relationship. However, the paradigm has shifted now and the companies are focusing on providing the customers with a better shopping experience and diversity of choices. It is due to the fact that providing customers with effective services will increase the customer loyalty in the organization. The e-commerce in the fashion industry is in nascent stage; however, it has tremendous potential for the business organizations. The e-commerce has also assisted in creating collaborative network which reduces the logistics cost. It is also reducing the intermediate links between the apparel manufacturers and the end consumers which can assist the apparel companies in reducing the cost of the inventory and increasing the transaction efficiency. With t he e-commerce, the companies can react quickly to the market changes. The e-commerce also provides equal opportunities to all the companies; therefore, the small companies are also able to break the monopoly of the apparel market. The successful e-commerce strategy can be used for the development of apparel brands in international markets. According to Brynjolfsson Smith, (2000) the e-commerce can also be used for the online marketing purposes and confronting the competitors from the fast fashion industry. The e-commerce can assist the fashion companies to invest in the promotion and marketing activities with better results. It involves the specific use of the online mediums. Taylor Cosenza (2000) have stated that the e-shoppers have certain characteristics which distinguish them from the traditional shoppers. According to the literature, e-shoppers are not a homogenous population and both males and females commonly use internet for shopping. However, in the upcoming trends, e-shopping will be more frequently used by the women shoppers rather than male shoppers. The average women e-shopper is in her thirties with a high household income. Moreover, a large number of women shop online because it is easy. The result shows that price is not the most critical component in the decisions to shop online. With the e-commerce, the consumers can not only buy new product but they can also browse different products in the same category. In the selection of the e-commerce websites, the customers also give preference to the ease-of-use, product selection, information, website navigation, delivery time and customer support. In Australia also, the retail industry has gone through various changes in the recent years. The most important impact of the e-commerce is that it is becoming a significant channel for the revenue growth of the retailers in Australia. If the fashion companies are trying to achieve sustainable growth in this highly competitive market, they should focus on the integration between the online channels and the physical supply chain. Troselj (2015) has stated that in Australia, the local and the overseas online retail purchases amount to 25 billion Australian dollars a year. However, in the Australian e-commerce industry, about 50% of the revenue goes to the maintenance of the overseas sites; therefore, it has become important for the retail organizations to sell online. Moreover, the facilities in the overseas has also disrupted the previous model of traditional single supply chain and a large number of retailers are finding it difficult to handle the ever-increasing expectations of the consumer regarding the speed of delivery and low cost. In Australia, the distances between the major cities are also larger, which makes it crucial for the retail businesses to have an efficient supply chain. According to Lewis Cockrill (2002), the companies should focus on maintaining robust yet flexible supply chain. The supply chain should be the able to meet the changing demands of the consumers in an effective manner. The supply chain is the most vulnerable part of the e-commerce business as proper and on-time delivery of the products depends on the supply chain. Once the business partners are connected, they depend on each other for keeping their promises. References Agarwal, S., Durga, P. (2016). A Study on the Challenges Faced by Retailers as a Consequence of Online Shopping. International Journal, 4(7). Brynjolfsson, E., Smith, M. D. (2000). Frictionless commerce? A comparison of Internet and conventional retailers. Management science, 46(4), 563-585. Burke, R. R. (2002). Technology and the customer interface: what consumers want in the physical and virtual store. Journal of the academy of Marketing Science, 30(4), 411-432. Burt, S., Sparks, L. (2003). E-commerce and the retail process: a review. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 10(5), 275-286. Flavin, C., Guinalu, M. (2007). Development and validation of familiarity, reputation and loyalty scales for internet relationships. Esic market, 157-188. Gunasekaran, A., Marri, H. B., McGaughey, R. E., Nebhwani, M. D. (2002). E-commerce and its impact on operations management. International journal of production economics, 75(1), 185-197. Kim, J., Jin Ma, Y., Park, J. (2009). Are US consumers ready to adopt mobile technology for fashion goods? An integrated theoretical approach. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 13(2), 215-230. Ko, E., Kim, E.Y., Lee, E.K. (2009). Modeling Consumer Adoption of Mobile Shopping for Fashion Products in Korea. Psychology and Marketing 26(7), 669-687. Lewis, R., Cockrill, A. (2002). Going globalremaining local: The impact of e-commerce on small retail firms in Wales. International Journal of Information Management, 22(3), 195-209. Park, E.J., Kim, E.Y., Funches, V.M. and Foxx, W., 2012. Apparel product attributes, web browsing, and e-impulse buying on shopping websites. Journal of Business Research, 65(11), pp.1583-1589. Patterson, M., Leahy, A. (2009). The Impact of E-Commerce on Traditional Retailers Case Study: Nordstrom. Saha, A. (2015). A Study on The impact of online shopping upon retail trade business. IOSR Journal of Business and Management 74-78. Steel, W., Daglish, T., Marriott, L., Gemmell, N., Howell, B. (2013). E-Commerce and its effect upon the Retail Industry and Government Revenue. Taylor, S. L., Cosenza, R. M. (2000). The impact of e-commerce on the merchandising of womens clothing in traditional shopping centers/malls. Journal of Shopping Center Research, 7(2), 46-66. Troselj, M. (2015). Impact of E-Commerce Integration on Supply Chains. Power Retail. https://www.powerretail.com.au/editorial-2/impact-e-commerce-integration-supply-chains/ Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. E., Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of word-of-mouth versus traditional marketing: findings from an internet social networking site. Journal of marketing, 73(5), 90-102. Vecchi, A. (2016). Handbook of Research on Global Fashion Management and Merchandising. IGI Global.