The Patient Safety And Risk Management Program - 1429 Words

Purpose A risk management plan is created so as to support Little Falls Hospitals mission and vision statements as it pertains to the clinical risk of the hospital, patients, visitors, volunteers, and employee safety, and any possible operational, business, and property risks. Culture Principles The Patient Safety and Risk Management program will support Little Falls Hospitals philosophy; everyone is responsible for patient safety and risk management. It is essential to have participation and teamwork among providers, management, staff and volunteers. The Patient Safety and Risk Management program will be implemented with the coordination of multiple organizational and department functions and activities. Little Falls Hospital will support the introduction of a just culture with emphasis on evidence based best practices, learning from errors, and providing feedback instead of punishment and blame. In a just culture any unsafe conditions or hazards will be identified quickly, medical or patient care errors will be reported and analysed, open discussions of mistakes and suggestions for improvements are welcome with patient safety and risk management practices. Individuals will still be held accountable for compliance. When evaluation and investigation into errors reveals there has been reckless behaviour or there has been wilful violation of policies then disciplinary action may be taken. Development, review, and revision of the practices and protocols of theShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of Beaumont Hospital s Risk Management1106 Words   |  5 PagesBeaumont Hospital believes that patient safety is just as important as medical progression. Therefore, Beaumont Hospital’s risk management program consists of identifying hazard associated risks, controlling risks, and monitoring the effectiveness of procedures/practices. Risk is a part of patient care and services because everything doesn’t always go according to plan. Catastrophic patient injuries often occur because of unanticipated failures. The risk management team is responsible of effectiveRead MoreHealthcare Risk Management ( Hrm )1216 Words   |  5 Pages Healthcare risk management ( HRM) began in The late 1970s, when hospitals are facing a malpractice crisis (Kavaler Alexander, 2014). According to Kavaler and Alexander (2014), it is estimated more than 140,000 Americans die from medical errors and the cost ranges between $17 billion and $29 billion each year in the United States (Kavaler Alexander, 2014). In this essay, the student will explain a healthcare risk management program, evaluate the program for compliance with the American SocietyRead MoreLittle Falls Hospital Risk Management Plan1461 Words   |  6 PagesLITTLE FALLS HOSPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN Purpose The purpose of the risk management program is to protect patients, staff members and visitors from inadvertent injury. The focus of Little Falls Hospital risk management plan is to provide an ongoing, comprehensive, and systematic approach to reducing risk exposures. Risk management activities include identifying, investigating, analyzing, and evaluating risks, followed by selecting and implementing the most appropriate methods for correcting, reducingRead MoreRisk Management Program For New Employees1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe risk management program in any business, especially in a health care organization is an integral part of its day to day operation. The purpose of the risk management department is summed up by Kavaler Alexander (2014), â€Å"†¦a program designed to reduce the incidence of preventable accidents and injuries to minimize the financial loss to the institution should any accident or injury occur† (p. 5). Protecting employees, patients, vendors and visitors is an ongoing process and one that needs toRead MoreElements Of A Risk Management Program1400 Words   |  6 PagesElements of a risk management program Introduction Quality and safety of care are the biggest goals of every health care organization. A risk to the patient, healthcare professional and the organization are prevalent in health care settings, which can be minimized and prevented by having well trained and educated risk management team within the organization. Risk management is the systematic effort to reduce an incidence of preventable accidents, which not only prevents the injuries and financialRead MoreThe Delivery Of Health Services1120 Words   |  5 Pagesdelivery of quality patient care in a safe hospital environment. The St. Mark’s Hospital Risk Management Plan assists in achieving this goal by continually identifying and reducing risk exposures to all members of our hospital community in accordance with applicable federal and state statutes and regulations, as well as the standards set forth by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Purpose The purpose of the St. Mark s Hospital Risk Management Plan is to outline theRead MoreRisk Management At Multiple Levels Of This Institution1554 Words   |  7 Pagesreport reflect the current environment and culture of Little Falls Hospital, in regards to risk management at multiple levels of this institution. It is without question, that regardless of the classification of our facility, or the specialty care that is provided, we are a major component of our local, regional and national health care system. Therefore, it is essential that we must assess and prioritize any risk that may be associated with our business operations. This includes an assessment of sub-organizationsRead MoreRisk Management For Healthcare Organizations1442 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Risk management refers to the process of forecasting, estimating and evaluating the possible risks that are likely to befall an organization in the normal process of conducting its activities. It includes the identification of measures, methods, and procedures to mitigate them. Healthcare risk management is the process of estimating and forecasting the potential risks relating to patient safety, staff, adherence to federal regulations, prevention of medical errors and prevention of financialRead MoreThe Potential Of Risk Within Healthcare1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe potential of risk within healthcare is a high factor concern when dealing with hundreds of patients, staff, and the organization as a whole. Defining what risk is and the level of importance it represents is the first objectives taken on when risk is presumed. Risk within a healthcare facility is when anybody inside the organization or the organization itself is somehow put in harm s way due to ill practice or internal error residing in the hospital. Proper risk Management defined in healthcareRead MoreRisk Management : An Organization Of Patient Safety1456 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to ECRI Institute (2014), risk management did not emerge as a distinct profession in healthcare, primarily in the hospital environment, until the mid-1970s, when the number of malpractice claims against physicians and hospitals increased dramatically, and settlements and judgments skyrocketed. In 1977, the American Hospital Association encouraged hospitals to implement risk management programs as a solution to malpractice problems, calling risk management the â€Å"science for the identification

The Secret Circle The Initiation Chapter Eleven Free Essays

string(37) " There was something in her bedroom\." Cassie didn’t know where she was going. The school was trying to hold classes, even though there were probably more kids outside the classrooms than inside. They were in the halls, on the stairs, hanging around the main entrance. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Initiation Chapter Eleven or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cassie looked dazedly at a clock and then went to her science class, conceptual physics. She could probably call her mom and just go home if she liked, but she didn’t want to face her mother right now. She just wanted to try and pretend to be normal. As she sat taking meaningless notes, she could feel eyes on her. She had the odd feeling that she’d been transported back in time and that it was two weeks ago, when Faye had blackballed her. But after class she saw the difference. People kept coming up to her and murmuring, â€Å"Are you okay?† and â€Å"How’re you doing?† They looked ill at ease – as if they didn’t want to be talking to her but felt they’d better. After her last class there were more little visits: people coming in groups of two or three to say, â€Å"Sorry† or â€Å"Just want you to know we’ll miss her too.† The truth of it struck her suddenly, and she almost laughed at the irony. They were condolence calls! Cassie was standing in for the Club. All of these outsiders were coming to her, not realizing that she was as much outside as any of them. When a cheerleader came and said, â€Å"Oh, this must be so hard for you,† Cassie lost it. â€Å"I didn’t even know her!† she burst out. â€Å"I only spoke to her once in my life!† The cheerleader backed off hastily. After that the condolence calls stopped. Ms. Lanning, the history teacher, drove Cassie home. She sidestepped her mother’s worried questioning – apparently the school had called to explain what had happened – and went outside. She climbed down the steep bluff to the beach below her grandmother’s house. The ocean had never looked bleaker. It was a heavy, shining silver color – like the mercury in a thermometer. The day, which had started out so bright, had turned overcast, and it got darker and darker as Cassie paced. And paced. This beach had been one of the good things about living here – but what good was it now? She was walking on it alone. Her chest was bursting. It was as if all the terrible events of the day were locked inside her, struggling to get out. But there was no release. She’d thought being an outcast at school was the worst thing that could happen to her. But it was worse to almost belong, and to know inside that you didn’t, and never would. She knew it was selfish to care about herself after what had happened to Kori, but she couldn’t help it. With all the rage of confusion and pain inside her, she almost envied Kori. Kori was dead, but she still belonged. She had a place. Cassie, on the other hand, had never felt so lonely. The sky was dark gray. The ocean stretched out endlessly beneath it, even darker. Looking at it, Cassie felt a strange and terrible fascination. If she just started walking toward it and kept on going†¦ Stop that! she thought savagely. Get hold of yourself. But it would be so easy†¦ Yes, and then you’d really be alone. Alone forever, in the dark. Sounds good, doesn’t it, Cassie? Shivering violently, she wrenched herself away from the whispering gray waters. Her feet were numb and cold and her fingers felt like ice. She stumbled as she climbed up the narrow, rocky path. That night, she pulled all the curtains shut in her room so she wouldn’t have to see the ocean or the darkness outside. Chest aching, she opened her jewelry box and took out the piece of chalcedony. I haven’t touched your gift in a while. But I’ve thought about you. Whatever I’m doing, wherever I am, you’re somewhere in my mind. And oh, how I wish†¦ Her hand shook as she shut her eyes and put the stone to her lips. She felt the familiar crystalline roughness, the coolness of it warming to her warmth. Her breath came more quickly and tears started to her eyes. Oh, someday, someday, she thought†¦ Then her mouth twisted in pain. A surge of something like lava welled up in her chest, and she threw the stone as hard as she could across the room. It hit the wall with a sharp sound and fell, clattering, to the floor. Someday nothing! the cruel voice inside her cried. Stop fooling yourself! You’ll never see him again. She lay in bed staring with sore eyes into the dimness, lit by a small night-light on the far wall. She couldn’t cry. All her tears had been scorched away. But her heart felt as if it had been torn open. Cassie was dreaming of the ocean – the dark and endless ocean. The ship was in trouble – she could hear the timbers creaking beneath her. They were going aground. And something was lost†¦ lost†¦ She came awake all at once, sucking in her breath. Was that a noise? Body tense, she listened. Silence. Her eyes struggled to pierce the darkness. The night-light had gone out. Why hadn’t it occurred to her to be afraid earlier? What had been wrong with her this evening? She’d gone out there on the beach alone, never even wondering if the person who’d killed Kori might be watching, waiting†¦ Accident, she thought, every sense alert and straining. They said it was probably an accident. But her heart was thundering dizzily. She seemed to see scintillating lights in the darkness. And she could feel †¦ A presence. Like a shadow in front of her. Oh, God, she could feel it. She sensed it like a pressure on her skin, like a radiation of cold. There was something in her bedroom. You read "The Secret Circle: The Initiation Chapter Eleven" in category "Essay examples" Her eyes were staring into the utter blackness, her body trembling with tension. Insane as it was, she had the wild thought that if she didn’t move, didn’t make a sound, it couldn’t find her. But she was wrong. She heard a shuffling noise, a stealthy advancing. Then the unmistakable creak of a floorboard. It was coming toward her. Suddenly she could move. She drew in breath for a scream – and there was a rush in the darkness and something clapped over her mouth. Instantly, everything changed. Before, all had been stillness, now all was dizzy motion. She was fighting. It didn’t do any good; her arms were being caught and held. Something else had her feet. She was being rolled over and over. Wrapped in the sheet. She couldn’t move. Her arms were trapped in the material. She was trying to kick, but her feet were trapped too. She felt herself being lifted. She couldn’t scream; she was choking. Something was over her head, suffocating her. And the most terrible thing was the silence, the utter, continuing silence. Whatever had her was as noiseless as a ghost. As a ghost†¦ and she herself was now wrapped in a shroud. Wild thoughts careened in Cassie’s head. It was taking her out of her bedroom. Taking her downstairs – out of the house. It was taking her outside to bury her. She had envied Kori – now she was going to join her. It was going to put her in the ground – or in the sea. Frantic, she tried to thrash, but the restraining material was too tight. She had never been so frightened. In time, though, the violence of her first panic exhausted itself. It was like fighting against a strait jacket; her struggles only served to tire her out. And overheat her. She was smothering and she was so hot†¦ if only she could breathe†¦ Panting, Cassie felt her body go limp. For the next few minutes all her concentration was devoted to getting enough air. Then, slowly, she began to think again. She was being carried by more than one person. That was certain. Her arms and legs were being restrained not only by the winding material of the sheet, but by hands. Human hands? Or†¦ images flooded her mind. Images out of horror movies. Skeletal hands barely covered by withered flesh. Dusky hands with nail beds the cyanotic blue of death. Mutilated hands, hands from the grave†¦ Oh, God, please†¦ I’ll lose my mind. Please make it stop or I’ll die. I’ll die of terror. Nobody can be this frightened and live. But it wasn’t so easy just to die after all. It didn’t stop, and she went on living. It was like a nightmare, but Cassie knew she was not asleep. She could pray all she wanted, but she wouldn’t wake up. Then everything stopped. She was no longer being carried; she was being held. Then tilted†¦ her legs kicked and touched ground. She was being set on her feet. The sheet was unwinding; she felt a breeze on her legs, and her nightgown hem flapping against them. Her arms were free. Weakly she grabbed out, and her wrists were caught and held behind her. She still couldn’t see. Something was over her head, some kind of hood. It was hot inside, and she was breathing her own carbon dioxide. She swayed, wanting to kick, to fight again, and knowing she didn’t have the strength. Then, from directly behind her, she heard a sound that changed everything. It was a chuckle. Slow and rich. Amused. But with a grim edge to it. Unmistakable. Faye. Cassie thought she had been frightened before. She’d imagined ghosts, the living dead come to drag her back into the ground with them. But all those wild and supernatural fears were nothing compared to the sheer terror she felt now. In one blinding instant she put it all together. Faye had killed Kori. The way she was going to kill Cassie now. â€Å"Walk,† Faye said, and Cassie felt a push in the center of her back. Her hands had been tied together behind her. She staggered and then took a step. â€Å"Straight ahead,† Faye said. Cassie staggered another step, and an arm steadied her. It came from the side. Faye wasn’t alone, then. Well, of course not; she couldn’t have carried Cassie by herself. Cassie had never realized how important it was to see. It was terrifying to be made to walk like this, on and on into nothingness. For all she knew Faye might be marching her straight off a cliff. No, not off a cliff. They weren’t on a bluff; they were on the beach. Although she couldn’t see, now that she was no longer wrapped in the sheet her other senses were functioning. From her left came the slow, rhythmic roar of waves. Very close. Under her feet she could feel crumbling, slightly damp sand. The breeze that lifted her nightgown around her calves was cold and fresh. It smelled of salt and seaweed. â€Å"Stop.† Cassie obeyed automatically. She tried to swallow and found the inside of her mouth was like glue. â€Å"Faye – † she managed to get out. â€Å"Be quiet!† The voice was sharp, no laziness now. Like a cat with its claws unsheathed. A sudden pressure at her neck made Cassie stiffen – someone had grabbed the bottom of the hood and was tightening it warningly. â€Å"Don’t talk unless you’re asked a question. Don’t move unless you’re told. Do you understand?† Numbly, Cassie nodded. â€Å"Now take one step forward. Turn to your left. Stop. Stay right there. Don’t make a sound.† Hands moved at the back of Cassie’s neck. Then there was a glorious rush of cool air as the hood was lifted away. Light burst in on her, and Cassie stared in astonishment at the fantastic scene before her eyes. Black and white, that was her first thought. Everything was stark black and white, like a scene from the surface of the moon. But there was the moon in front of her. Pure white, just risen, it formed a perfect crescent over the ocean. The ocean was as black as the sky, except for the ghostly white foam on the waves. And in front of it stood a figure that seemed to shine with a pale light. Diana? She was wearing a thin white shift that left her arms bare. Clasped around one upper arm was a wide cuff of silver with strange engraving on it. On her forehead was a sort of diadem with a crescent moon, the horns pointing upward. Her long hair, hanging loose beneath it, seemed to be woven of moonlight. In her hand was a dagger. With terrifying sharpness Cassie now remembered the dream she’d had of her mother and grandmother in her room. Sacrifice, one of them had said. Was that what she was here for now? Sacrifice? Mesmerized, she stared at the blade of the dagger, at the moonlight shimmering on it. Then she looked at Diana’s face. I would never have believed it – no, I wouldn’t have believed that you would help Faye do this. But you’re here, with a knife. I’m seeing it. How can I not believe my own eyes? â€Å"Turn around,† a voice said. Cassie felt her body turn. A circle was drawn in the sand, a big one. Inside and outside were candles, stuck right into the beach. Wax was melting on the sand. The candles were all sizes, all colors. Some looked as if they had been burning a long time, from the amount of wax pooled beneath them and the way they had slumped. Every flame was dancing in the slight breeze. Inside the circle were the members of the Club. Cassie’s frightened mind registered glimpses of faces and no more, like flashes seen in lightning. The same faces she had seen gathered around the table in the back room that afternoon. Proud. Beautiful. Alien. Faye was one of them. She was dressed all in black. And if Diana’s hair seemed to be woven of moonlight, hers was woven of gloom, Diana walked past Cassie and stepped into the circle. Suddenly Cassie realized that the ring drawn in the sand was not complete. There was a gap in its northeast corner, directly in front of her feet. She was standing just outside the threshold. Startled, her eyes came up to seek Diana’s. Diana’s expression revealed nothing; her face was pale and distant. Cassie’s heart, which had been thudding dully, now picked up speed. Diana spoke, her voice clear and musical, but she was not speaking to Cassie. â€Å"Who challenges her?† Faye’s throaty voice rose in answer. â€Å"I do.† Cassie didn’t see the dagger until Faye held it at her throat. It pricked, pressing slightly into the hollow, and she felt her eyes widen. She tried to hold completely still. Faye’s hooded, enigmatic eyes were gazing straight into hers. There was a sort of fierce pleasure in their depths, and the same heat Cassie had seen in the science building when Faye had threatened her with fire. Faye smiled her slow, scary smile, and the pressure of the blade against Cassie’s throat increased. â€Å"I challenge you,† Faye said directly to Cassie. â€Å"If there is any fear in your heart, it would be better for you to throw yourself forward on this dagger than to continue. So what is it, Cassie?† she added, her voice dropping to a lazy, intimate murmur that could scarcely have been heard by the others. â€Å"Is there fear in your heart? Careful how you answer.† Dumbfounded, Cassie only stared. Fear in her heart? How could there not be fear in her heart? They had done everything they could to terrify her – of course there was fear in her heart. Then, moving only her eyes, she looked at Diana. Cassie remembered Laurel in the back room today, after Faye had implied Diana might have had something to do with Kori’s death. Laurel had looked confused for a moment, then her face had cleared and she’d said, â€Å"I don’t care what you say; you’re never going to make me believe Diana would hurt Kori.† That was faith, Cassie thought. Believing no matter what. Did she have that kind of faith in Diana? Yes, she thought, still looking into Diana’s steady green eyes. I do. Then can I trust her no matter what? Enough not to be afraid anymore? The answer had to come from inside. Cassie searched through her mind, trying to find the truth. Everything that had happened tonight – them dragging her out of bed, carrying her down here without any explanation, the knife, the strangeness of this whole ceremony – it all looked bad. And someone had killed Kori†¦ I trust you, Diana. That was the answer she found at the bottom of her mind. I trust you. Despite all this, no matter how it looks, I trust you. She looked back at Faye, who was still wearing a little catlike smile. Gazing straight into those honey-colored eyes, Cassie said clearly, â€Å"Go on. There’s no fear in my heart.† Even as she said it, she felt the symptoms of terror drop away from her. The weakness, the giddiness, the thudding of her heart. She stood straight even though her hands were still tied behind her back and the dagger point was still at her throat. Something flared in Faye’s eyes. Something like grim respect. Her smile changed, and she nodded almost imperceptibly. The next instant her black eyebrows were raised ironically as she spoke. â€Å"Then step inside,† she invited. Straight forward? Into the dagger blade? Cassie refused to let her eyes drop from the golden ones in front of her. She hesitated an instant, then stepped straight forward. The blade yielded before her. Cassie could feel a tiny trickle of wetness on her throat as it withdrew and Faye stepped back. Then she looked down. She was inside the circle. Diana took the dagger from Faye and went to the break in the circle behind Cassie. Drawing the knife through the sand, she bridged the gap, making the circle complete. Cassie had an odd sensation of closure, of something sealing. As if a door had been locked behind her. And as if what was inside the circle was different from anything outside. â€Å"Come to the center,† Diana said. Cassie tried to walk tall as she did. Diana’s shift, she could see now, was slit all the way up to the hip on one side. There was something on Diana’s long, well-made upper leg. A garter? That was what it looked like. Like the ornamental bands of lace and ribbon that a bride wears to throw at a wedding. Except that this was made of something like green suede and lined with blue silk. It had a silver buckle. â€Å"Turn around,† Diana ordered. Cassie hoped the cord binding her wrists was going to be cut. But instead she felt hands on her shoulders, spinning her faster and faster. She was being whirled around and pushed from side to side, from person to person. For an instant panic surged through her again. She was dizzy, disoriented. With her hands tied she couldn’t catch herself if she fell. And that knife was somewhere†¦ Just go with it. Relax, she told herself. And magically, her fear dissolved. She let herself be bounced from one person to another. If she fell, she fell. Hands steadied her, stood her facing Diana again. She was slightly breathless and the world was reeling, but she tried to draw herself up straight. â€Å"You’ve been challenged and you’ve passed the tests,† Diana informed her, and now there was a little smile in Diana’s green eyes, although her lips were grave. â€Å"Now are you willing to swear?† Swear what? But Cassie nodded. â€Å"Will you swear to be loyal to the Circle? Never to harm anyone who stands inside it? Will you protect and defend those who do, even if it costs you your life?† Cassie swallowed. Then, trying to keep her voice level, she said, â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Will you swear never to reveal the secrets you will learn, except to a proper person, within a properly prepared Circle like the one we stand in now? Will you swear to keep these secrets from all outsiders, friends and enemies, even if it costs you your life?† â€Å"Yes,† Cassie whispered. â€Å"By the ocean, by the moon, by your own blood, will you so swear?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Say, ‘I will so swear.’ â€Å" â€Å"I will so swear.† â€Å"She has been challenged and tested, and she has been sworn,† Diana said, stepping back and speaking to the others. â€Å"And now, since all of us in the Circle agree, I call on the Powers to look at her.† Diana raised the dagger above her head, pointing the blade at the sky. Then she pointed it to the east, toward the ocean, then to the south, then toward the western cliff, then toward the north. Finally, she pointed it at Cassie. The words she spoke as she did sent shock waves running down Cassie’s spine: Earth and water, fire and air, See your daughter standing there. By dark of moon and light of sun, As I will, let it be done. By challenge, trial, and sacred vow, Let her join the Circle now. Flesh and sinew, blood and bone, Cassie now becomes – â€Å"But we don’t all agree,† an angry voice broke in. â€Å"I still don’t think she’s one of us. I don’t think she ever can be.† How to cite The Secret Circle: The Initiation Chapter Eleven, Essay examples

Pablo Picasso Essays (390 words) - Pablo Picasso, School Of Paris

Pablo Picasso Pablo R. Picasso is generally considered in his technical virtuosity, enormous versatility, and incredible originality and prolifically to have been the foremost figure in 20th-century art. Pablo Picasso delivered at 11:15 P.M. in Malaga, a city in southern Spain, on October 25, 1881. He almost died at birth. If it had not been for the presence of his uncle, Dr. Salvador Ruiz, the infant might never have came to life. He could not draw a breath, so his uncle blew cigar smoke into his face. It would be his first triumph over death. Picasso was the son of Jose Ruiz Blasco, an art teacher, and Maria Picasso y Lopez. Picasso was a genius at a very early age. Academically Picasso was an incredibly meager student and did not excel in math. He would draw in class rather than work, his attention span was very short. It was thought later that he had dyslexia. In 1895 a professor at the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona offered to trade positions with his father, so the family moved to La Coruna. Soon after the family settled down, his father decided it was time that Pablo undertook the formal study of art. As a faculty member his father pulled some strings. He convinced the school officials to allow his son to take the examination for admission into the advanced classes, which were meant for students far more sophisticated then Pablo. The exam required two charcoal drawings of living models. His uncle Salvador paid models to pose for him so that he could paint realistically. He completed his drawings within a weeks time, a quarter of the time most students took. An awed jury admitted the young candidat e to the school immediately. He won a gold medal for his unbelievably realistic painting of a doctor, a nun, and a child at a sick woman's bed entitled Science and Charity. In 1897 Picasso passed the entrance exam at the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid. To be derived from other work of art and not directly from nature Pablo Picasso's Meaning of art. Pablo Picasso, probably the most prolific artist of all time, has expressed himself with equal virtuosity in painting, drawing, sculpture, graphics and ceramics. He has influenced artist in every medium to which he has put his hand.

Free Essays on Sioux Wars

The Sioux and Tribal war War as many people have thought, didn’t start with the white man coming to America. War is a way of life. War has been going on among tribes for, as long as there have been people. Among the American Indians the Sioux were the most feared of all tribes, Probably because the Sioux were the largest tribe. The Sioux consisted of four main branches the Teton, Santee, Yankton, and the Yanktonaj. Those four branches were also broken up into different groups. Unlike modern wars these wars were fought in hand-to-hand combat often resulting in a bloody battle. There were also no rules to follow, so there was nothing ethical about any thing that they did. From the story in the book of The Singing Spirit called, In the Name of His Ancestor. It talks about a story of two tribes, the tribe of the Rock River country and the Sioux. The two tribes had been fighting for a long time then finally the Sioux offered a peace treaty. But when the Rock River elders arrived at the Sioux camp the elders were all brutally murdered and scalped. But one of the sons escaped and returned home. He set up a war party to get revenge and he did. Some of the most famous battles in history were fought by the Sioux. The Grattan affair, the Minnesota uprising, the war for the Bozeman trail, The war for the black hills and the most famous of all was the battle at wounded knee The most famous chiefs or Indian leaders in history were Sioux. The Most famous were Spotted tail, Red cloud, Sitting Bull and Crazy horse. In conclusion the Sioux were great warriors that left a big dent in the history books.... Free Essays on Sioux Wars Free Essays on Sioux Wars The Sioux and Tribal war War as many people have thought, didn’t start with the white man coming to America. War is a way of life. War has been going on among tribes for, as long as there have been people. Among the American Indians the Sioux were the most feared of all tribes, Probably because the Sioux were the largest tribe. The Sioux consisted of four main branches the Teton, Santee, Yankton, and the Yanktonaj. Those four branches were also broken up into different groups. Unlike modern wars these wars were fought in hand-to-hand combat often resulting in a bloody battle. There were also no rules to follow, so there was nothing ethical about any thing that they did. From the story in the book of The Singing Spirit called, In the Name of His Ancestor. It talks about a story of two tribes, the tribe of the Rock River country and the Sioux. The two tribes had been fighting for a long time then finally the Sioux offered a peace treaty. But when the Rock River elders arrived at the Sioux camp the elders were all brutally murdered and scalped. But one of the sons escaped and returned home. He set up a war party to get revenge and he did. Some of the most famous battles in history were fought by the Sioux. The Grattan affair, the Minnesota uprising, the war for the Bozeman trail, The war for the black hills and the most famous of all was the battle at wounded knee The most famous chiefs or Indian leaders in history were Sioux. The Most famous were Spotted tail, Red cloud, Sitting Bull and Crazy horse. In conclusion the Sioux were great warriors that left a big dent in the history books....

Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg in the Civil War

Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg in the Civil War David McM. Gregg - Early Life Career: Born April 10, 1833, in Huntingdon, PA, David McMurtrie Gregg was the third child of Matthew and Ellen Gregg.   Following his fathers death in 1845, Gregg moved with his mother to Hollidaysburg, PA.   His time there proved brief as she died two years later.   Orphaned, Gregg and his older brother, Andrew, were sent to live with their uncle, David McMurtrie III, in Huntingdon.   Under his care, Gregg entered the John A. Hall School before moving on to nearby Milnwood Academy.   In 1850, while attending the University of Lewisburg (Bucknell University), he received an appointment to West Point with the aid of  Representative Samuel Calvin.    Arriving at West Point on July 1, 1851, Gregg proved a good student and an excellent horseman.   Graduating four years later, he ranked eighth in a class of thirty-four.   While there, he developed relationships with older students, such as J.E.B. Stuart and Philip H. Sheridan, with whom he would fight and serve with during the Civil War.   Commissioned a second lieutenant, Gregg was briefly posted to Jefferson Barracks, MO before receiving orders for Fort Union, NM.   Serving with the 1st US Dragoons, he moved to California in 1856 and north to Washington Territory the following year.   Operating from Fort Vancouver, Gregg fought several engagements against the Native Americans in the area.    David McM. Gregg - The Civil War Begins: On March 21, 1861, Gregg earned a promotion to first lieutenant and orders to return east.   With the attack on Fort Sumter the following month and beginning of the Civil War, he quickly received a promotion to captain on May 14 with orders to join the 6th US Cavalry in Washington DCs defenses.   Shortly thereafter, Gregg fell gravely ill with typhoid and nearly died when his hospital burned.   Recovering, he took command of the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry on January 24, 1862 with the rank of colonel.   This move was facilitated by the fact that Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtain was Greggs cousin.   Later that spring, the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry shifted south to the Peninsula for Major General George B. McClellans campaign against Richmond. David McM. Gregg - Climbing the Ranks: Serving in Brigadier General Erasmus D. Keyes IV Corps, Gregg and his men saw service during the advance up the Peninsula and ably screened the armys movements during the Seven Days Battles that June and July.   With the failure of McClellans campaign, Greggs regiment and the rest of the Army of the Potomac returned north.   That September, Gregg was present for the Battle of Antietam but saw little fighting.   Following the battle, he took leave and traveled to Pennsylvania to marry Ellen F. Sheaff on October 6.   Returning to his regiment after a brief honeymoon in New York City, he received a promotion to brigadier general on November 29.   With this came command of a brigade in Brigadier General Alfred Pleasontons division. Present at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, Gregg assumed command of a cavalry brigade in Major General William F. Smiths VI Corps when Brigadier General George D. Bayard was mortally wounded.   With the Union defeat,  Major General Joseph Hooker assumed command in early 1863 and reorganized the Army of the Potomacs cavalry forces into a single Cavalry Corps led by Major General George Stoneman.   Within this new structure, Gregg was selected to lead the 3rd Division consisting of brigades headed by Colonels Judson Kilpatrick and Percy Wyndham.   That May, as Hooker led the army against General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Stoneman received orders to take his corps on a raid deep into the enemys rear.   Though Greggs division and the others inflicted substantial damage on Confederate property, the effort had little strategic value.   Due to its perceived failure, Stoneman was replaced by Pleasonton. David McM. Gregg - Brandy Station Gettysburg: Having been beaten at Chancellorsville, Hooker sought to gather intelligence on Lees intentions.   Finding that Major General J.E.B. Stuarts Confederate cavalry had concentrated near Brandy Station, he directed Pleasonton to attack and disperse the enemy.   To accomplish this, Pleasonton conceived a daring operation which called for dividing his command into two wings. The right wing, led by Brigadier General John Buford, was to cross the Rappahannock at Beverlys Ford and drive south toward Brandy Station. The left wing, commanded by Gregg, was to cross to the east at Kellys Ford and strike from the east and south to catch the Confederates in a double envelopment.   Taking the enemy by surprise, the Union troopers succeeded in driving the Confederates back on June 9.   Late in the day, Greggs men made several attempts to take Fleetwood Hill, but were unable to compel the Confederates to retreat.   Though Pleasonton withdrew at sunset leaving the field in Stuarts hands, the Battle of Brandy Station greatly improved the Union cavalrys confidence. As Lee moved north towards Pennsylvania in June, Greggs division pursued and fought inconclusive engagements with Confederate cavalry at Aldie (June 17), Middleburg (June 17-19), and Upperville (June 21).   On July 1, his compatriot Buford opened the Battle of Gettysburg.   Pressing north, Greggs division arrived around midday on July 2 and was tasked with protecting the Union right flank by new army commander Major General George G. Meade.   The next day, Gregg repulsed Stuarts cavalry in a  back-and-forth battle east of town.   In the fighting, Greggs men were aided by Brigadier General George A. Custers brigade.   Following the Union triumph at Gettysburg, Greggs division pursued the enemy and harried their retreat south. David McM. Gregg - Virginia: That fall, Gregg operated with the Army of the Potomac as Meade conducted his abortive Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns.   In the course of these efforts, his division fought at  Rapidan Station (September 14), Beverly Ford (October 12), Auburn (October 14), and New Hope Church (November 27).   In the spring of 1864, President Abraham Lincoln promoted Major General Ulysses S. Grant to lieutenant general and made him general-in-chief of all Union armies.   Coming east, Grant worked with Meade to reorganize the Army of the Potomac.   This saw Pleasonton removed and replaced with Sheridan who had built a strong reputation as an infantry division commander in the west.   This action rankled Gregg who was the corps senior division commander and an experienced cavalryman. That May, Greggs division screened the army during the opening actions of the Overland Campaign at the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House.   Unhappy with his corps role in the campaign, Sheridan obtained permission from Grant to mount a large-scale raid south on May 9.   Encountering the enemy two days later, Sheridan won a victory at the Battle of Yellow Tavern.   In the fighting, Stuart was killed.   Continuing south with Sheridan, Gregg and his men reached the Richmond defenses before turning east and uniting with Major General Benjamin Butlers Army of the James.   Resting and refitting, the Union cavalry then returned north to reunite with Grant and Meade.   On May 28, Greggs division engaged Major General Wade Hamptons cavalry at the Battle of Haws Shop and won a minor victory after heavy fighting.   David McM. Gregg - Final Campaigns: Again riding out with Sheridan the following month, Gregg saw action during the Union defeat at the Battle of Trevilian Station on June 11-12.   As Sheridans men retreated back towards the Army of the Potomac, Gregg commanded a successful rearguard action at St. Marys Church on June 24.   Rejoining the army, he moved over the James River and aided in operations during the opening weeks of the Battle of Petersburg.   In August, after Lieutenant General Jubal A. Early advanced down the Shenandoah Valley and threatened Washington, DC, Sheridan was ordered by Grant to command the newly-formed Army of the Shenandoah.   Taking part of the Cavalry Corps to join this formation, Sheridan left Gregg in command of those cavalry forces remaining with Grant.   As part of this transition, Gregg received a brevet promotion to major general.   Shortly after Sheridans departure, Gregg saw action during the Second Battle of Deep Bottom on August 14-20.   A few days later, he was involved in the Union defeat at the Second Battle of Reams Station.   That fall, Greggs cavalry worked to screen Union movements as Grant sought to extend his siege lines south and east from Petersburg.   In late September, he took part in the Battle of Peebles Farm and in late October played a key role in the Battle of Boydton Plank Road.   Following the latter action, both armies settled into winter quarters and large-scale fighting subsided.   On January 25, 1865, with Sheridan set to return from the Shenandoah, Gregg abruptly submitted his letter of resignation to the US Army citing an imperative demand for my continued presence at home. David McM. Gregg - Later Life: This was accepted in early February and Gregg departed for Reading, PA.   Greggs reasons for resigning were questioned with some speculating that he did not wish to serve under Sheridan.   Missing the wars final campaigns, Gregg was involved in business activities in Pennsylvania and operated a farm in Delaware.   Unhappy in civilian life, he applied for reinstatement in 1868, but lost out when his desired cavalry command went to his cousin, John I. Gregg.   In 1874, Gregg received an appointment as US Consul in Prague, Austria-Hungary from President Grant.   Departing, his time abroad proved brief as his wife suffered from homesickness.   Returning later that year, Gregg advocated for making Valley Forge a national shrine and in 1891 was elected Auditor General of Pennsylvania.   Serving one term, he remained active in civic affairs until his death on August 7, 1916.   Greggs remains were buried in Readings Charles Evans Cemetery.      Ã‚   Selected Sources Civil War Trust: David McM. GreggSmithsonian: David McM. GreggOhio Civil War: David McM. Gregg

Cyclical Economic Development in The Economic History Essay

Cyclical Economic Development in The Economic History - Essay Example This paper analyses the process of economic growth, which emerges from and as a consequence of cyclical development. In the 19th century, business cycles were not thought of as cycles at all but rather as spells of crises interrupting the smooth development of the economy. In later years, economists and non- economists alike began believing in the regularity of such crises, analyzing how they were spaced apart and associated with changing economic structures. Schumpeter (1939) suggested that the economic development proceeds cyclically rather than evenly because innovations are not evenly distributed through time, but appear, if at all, discontinuously in groups or swarms. Schumpeter identified the "four-phases" of a cycle. Starting from the mean, a boom is a rise which lasts until the peak is reached; a recession is the drop from the peak back to the mean; a depression is the slide from the mean down to the trough; a recovery is the rise from the trough back up to the mean. From the mean, we then move up into another boom and thus the beginning of another four-phase cycle. In a sense, any cycle of whatever duration can be described as going through these four phases - otherwise the fluctuations cannot be described as "cycles". Empirical evidence shows that throughout the 19th Century, the price level moved backward and forward heavily while output was much less subject to fluctuations. The following four Kondratiev waves (ranging between 48-60 years) have been identified - going through four phases of boom-recession- depression-recovery : (1) The Industrial Revolution (1787-1842), (2) The Bourgeois Kondratiev (1898-1950), (3) The Neo-Mercantilist Kondratiev (1898-1950): and (4) The Fourth Kondratiev (1950- 2010).

Investigate the design of Lighting Systems, Electrical Energy Essay

Investigate the design of Lighting Systems, Electrical Energy Management and Tariffs - Essay Example This is done when the consumption is less and proper and no wastage of energy is there. The lamps and other devices should be of proper rating and proper standard. The design should be such that required illumination is obtained in a least possible cost. a) Fluorescent Lamp :- The basic construction of this type of lamp is that it has a discharge tube made up of glass. There are two electrodes at both the ends. This tube contains gases at certain pressure which on ionization emits light. The fluorescent powder is coated at both inside and outside the tube. The electrodes at both the ends are coated with some electron emitting material. A choke coil is connected in series with the lamp to stabilize current. One capacitor is also connected to compensate the power factor. This lamp emits white colour and widely used in homes, offices and shops. b) Electric Discharge Lamp :- These were the first type of lamps that were used. In these type of lamps there is a discharge tube in which two electrodes are connected to both ends and excited by electric source. The gas inside the tube gets ionized and emits light. There are various types of electric discharge lamps namely sodium vapour lamp and mercury vapour lamp. c) Filament Lamp :- In this lamp a fine filament is connected to the electrodes and excited which emits light. The construction of these kinds of lamps is very simple. Earlier fine carbon was used as element in these lamps later on tungsten was preferred in place of carbon. Principle of good lighting While designing lighting system following considerations should be done. 1) Proper illumination level :- This is the major factor because for proper vision the brightness of the object should be proper which depends on illumination level. Degree of illumination depends upon some factors like size of the object, distance from the observer, object background contrast. There are some standards made by ISI for illumination level in various parts of he building. For street lighting also some standards are made. Table below shows some average value of illumination level. Places Illumination level Heavy Traffic routes 30 Average traffic routes 15 Secondary roads with local traffic 8 Secondary roads with light traffic 4 2) Uniform Illusion :- The vision of eye depends on the brightness of the object. If the uniformity of light is there the eye has to adjust more. This will cause fatigue. The method to achieve uniform illumination Generalized light should also be employed with local light. 3) Colour of light :- The brightness of any object basically depends on colour of light falling on it. The composition of light should