Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Free Essays on Sioux Wars

The Sioux and Tribal war War as many people have thought, didn’t start with the white man coming to America. War is a way of life. War has been going on among tribes for, as long as there have been people. Among the American Indians the Sioux were the most feared of all tribes, Probably because the Sioux were the largest tribe. The Sioux consisted of four main branches the Teton, Santee, Yankton, and the Yanktonaj. Those four branches were also broken up into different groups. Unlike modern wars these wars were fought in hand-to-hand combat often resulting in a bloody battle. There were also no rules to follow, so there was nothing ethical about any thing that they did. From the story in the book of The Singing Spirit called, In the Name of His Ancestor. It talks about a story of two tribes, the tribe of the Rock River country and the Sioux. The two tribes had been fighting for a long time then finally the Sioux offered a peace treaty. But when the Rock River elders arrived at the Sioux camp the elders were all brutally murdered and scalped. But one of the sons escaped and returned home. He set up a war party to get revenge and he did. Some of the most famous battles in history were fought by the Sioux. The Grattan affair, the Minnesota uprising, the war for the Bozeman trail, The war for the black hills and the most famous of all was the battle at wounded knee The most famous chiefs or Indian leaders in history were Sioux. The Most famous were Spotted tail, Red cloud, Sitting Bull and Crazy horse. In conclusion the Sioux were great warriors that left a big dent in the history books.... Free Essays on Sioux Wars Free Essays on Sioux Wars The Sioux and Tribal war War as many people have thought, didn’t start with the white man coming to America. War is a way of life. War has been going on among tribes for, as long as there have been people. Among the American Indians the Sioux were the most feared of all tribes, Probably because the Sioux were the largest tribe. The Sioux consisted of four main branches the Teton, Santee, Yankton, and the Yanktonaj. Those four branches were also broken up into different groups. Unlike modern wars these wars were fought in hand-to-hand combat often resulting in a bloody battle. There were also no rules to follow, so there was nothing ethical about any thing that they did. From the story in the book of The Singing Spirit called, In the Name of His Ancestor. It talks about a story of two tribes, the tribe of the Rock River country and the Sioux. The two tribes had been fighting for a long time then finally the Sioux offered a peace treaty. But when the Rock River elders arrived at the Sioux camp the elders were all brutally murdered and scalped. But one of the sons escaped and returned home. He set up a war party to get revenge and he did. Some of the most famous battles in history were fought by the Sioux. The Grattan affair, the Minnesota uprising, the war for the Bozeman trail, The war for the black hills and the most famous of all was the battle at wounded knee The most famous chiefs or Indian leaders in history were Sioux. The Most famous were Spotted tail, Red cloud, Sitting Bull and Crazy horse. In conclusion the Sioux were great warriors that left a big dent in the history books....

Monday, March 2, 2020

Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg in the Civil War

Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg in the Civil War David McM. Gregg - Early Life Career: Born April 10, 1833, in Huntingdon, PA, David McMurtrie Gregg was the third child of Matthew and Ellen Gregg.   Following his fathers death in 1845, Gregg moved with his mother to Hollidaysburg, PA.   His time there proved brief as she died two years later.   Orphaned, Gregg and his older brother, Andrew, were sent to live with their uncle, David McMurtrie III, in Huntingdon.   Under his care, Gregg entered the John A. Hall School before moving on to nearby Milnwood Academy.   In 1850, while attending the University of Lewisburg (Bucknell University), he received an appointment to West Point with the aid of  Representative Samuel Calvin.    Arriving at West Point on July 1, 1851, Gregg proved a good student and an excellent horseman.   Graduating four years later, he ranked eighth in a class of thirty-four.   While there, he developed relationships with older students, such as J.E.B. Stuart and Philip H. Sheridan, with whom he would fight and serve with during the Civil War.   Commissioned a second lieutenant, Gregg was briefly posted to Jefferson Barracks, MO before receiving orders for Fort Union, NM.   Serving with the 1st US Dragoons, he moved to California in 1856 and north to Washington Territory the following year.   Operating from Fort Vancouver, Gregg fought several engagements against the Native Americans in the area.    David McM. Gregg - The Civil War Begins: On March 21, 1861, Gregg earned a promotion to first lieutenant and orders to return east.   With the attack on Fort Sumter the following month and beginning of the Civil War, he quickly received a promotion to captain on May 14 with orders to join the 6th US Cavalry in Washington DCs defenses.   Shortly thereafter, Gregg fell gravely ill with typhoid and nearly died when his hospital burned.   Recovering, he took command of the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry on January 24, 1862 with the rank of colonel.   This move was facilitated by the fact that Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtain was Greggs cousin.   Later that spring, the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry shifted south to the Peninsula for Major General George B. McClellans campaign against Richmond. David McM. Gregg - Climbing the Ranks: Serving in Brigadier General Erasmus D. Keyes IV Corps, Gregg and his men saw service during the advance up the Peninsula and ably screened the armys movements during the Seven Days Battles that June and July.   With the failure of McClellans campaign, Greggs regiment and the rest of the Army of the Potomac returned north.   That September, Gregg was present for the Battle of Antietam but saw little fighting.   Following the battle, he took leave and traveled to Pennsylvania to marry Ellen F. Sheaff on October 6.   Returning to his regiment after a brief honeymoon in New York City, he received a promotion to brigadier general on November 29.   With this came command of a brigade in Brigadier General Alfred Pleasontons division. Present at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, Gregg assumed command of a cavalry brigade in Major General William F. Smiths VI Corps when Brigadier General George D. Bayard was mortally wounded.   With the Union defeat,  Major General Joseph Hooker assumed command in early 1863 and reorganized the Army of the Potomacs cavalry forces into a single Cavalry Corps led by Major General George Stoneman.   Within this new structure, Gregg was selected to lead the 3rd Division consisting of brigades headed by Colonels Judson Kilpatrick and Percy Wyndham.   That May, as Hooker led the army against General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Stoneman received orders to take his corps on a raid deep into the enemys rear.   Though Greggs division and the others inflicted substantial damage on Confederate property, the effort had little strategic value.   Due to its perceived failure, Stoneman was replaced by Pleasonton. David McM. Gregg - Brandy Station Gettysburg: Having been beaten at Chancellorsville, Hooker sought to gather intelligence on Lees intentions.   Finding that Major General J.E.B. Stuarts Confederate cavalry had concentrated near Brandy Station, he directed Pleasonton to attack and disperse the enemy.   To accomplish this, Pleasonton conceived a daring operation which called for dividing his command into two wings. The right wing, led by Brigadier General John Buford, was to cross the Rappahannock at Beverlys Ford and drive south toward Brandy Station. The left wing, commanded by Gregg, was to cross to the east at Kellys Ford and strike from the east and south to catch the Confederates in a double envelopment.   Taking the enemy by surprise, the Union troopers succeeded in driving the Confederates back on June 9.   Late in the day, Greggs men made several attempts to take Fleetwood Hill, but were unable to compel the Confederates to retreat.   Though Pleasonton withdrew at sunset leaving the field in Stuarts hands, the Battle of Brandy Station greatly improved the Union cavalrys confidence. As Lee moved north towards Pennsylvania in June, Greggs division pursued and fought inconclusive engagements with Confederate cavalry at Aldie (June 17), Middleburg (June 17-19), and Upperville (June 21).   On July 1, his compatriot Buford opened the Battle of Gettysburg.   Pressing north, Greggs division arrived around midday on July 2 and was tasked with protecting the Union right flank by new army commander Major General George G. Meade.   The next day, Gregg repulsed Stuarts cavalry in a  back-and-forth battle east of town.   In the fighting, Greggs men were aided by Brigadier General George A. Custers brigade.   Following the Union triumph at Gettysburg, Greggs division pursued the enemy and harried their retreat south. David McM. Gregg - Virginia: That fall, Gregg operated with the Army of the Potomac as Meade conducted his abortive Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns.   In the course of these efforts, his division fought at  Rapidan Station (September 14), Beverly Ford (October 12), Auburn (October 14), and New Hope Church (November 27).   In the spring of 1864, President Abraham Lincoln promoted Major General Ulysses S. Grant to lieutenant general and made him general-in-chief of all Union armies.   Coming east, Grant worked with Meade to reorganize the Army of the Potomac.   This saw Pleasonton removed and replaced with Sheridan who had built a strong reputation as an infantry division commander in the west.   This action rankled Gregg who was the corps senior division commander and an experienced cavalryman. That May, Greggs division screened the army during the opening actions of the Overland Campaign at the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House.   Unhappy with his corps role in the campaign, Sheridan obtained permission from Grant to mount a large-scale raid south on May 9.   Encountering the enemy two days later, Sheridan won a victory at the Battle of Yellow Tavern.   In the fighting, Stuart was killed.   Continuing south with Sheridan, Gregg and his men reached the Richmond defenses before turning east and uniting with Major General Benjamin Butlers Army of the James.   Resting and refitting, the Union cavalry then returned north to reunite with Grant and Meade.   On May 28, Greggs division engaged Major General Wade Hamptons cavalry at the Battle of Haws Shop and won a minor victory after heavy fighting.   David McM. Gregg - Final Campaigns: Again riding out with Sheridan the following month, Gregg saw action during the Union defeat at the Battle of Trevilian Station on June 11-12.   As Sheridans men retreated back towards the Army of the Potomac, Gregg commanded a successful rearguard action at St. Marys Church on June 24.   Rejoining the army, he moved over the James River and aided in operations during the opening weeks of the Battle of Petersburg.   In August, after Lieutenant General Jubal A. Early advanced down the Shenandoah Valley and threatened Washington, DC, Sheridan was ordered by Grant to command the newly-formed Army of the Shenandoah.   Taking part of the Cavalry Corps to join this formation, Sheridan left Gregg in command of those cavalry forces remaining with Grant.   As part of this transition, Gregg received a brevet promotion to major general.   Shortly after Sheridans departure, Gregg saw action during the Second Battle of Deep Bottom on August 14-20.   A few days later, he was involved in the Union defeat at the Second Battle of Reams Station.   That fall, Greggs cavalry worked to screen Union movements as Grant sought to extend his siege lines south and east from Petersburg.   In late September, he took part in the Battle of Peebles Farm and in late October played a key role in the Battle of Boydton Plank Road.   Following the latter action, both armies settled into winter quarters and large-scale fighting subsided.   On January 25, 1865, with Sheridan set to return from the Shenandoah, Gregg abruptly submitted his letter of resignation to the US Army citing an imperative demand for my continued presence at home. David McM. Gregg - Later Life: This was accepted in early February and Gregg departed for Reading, PA.   Greggs reasons for resigning were questioned with some speculating that he did not wish to serve under Sheridan.   Missing the wars final campaigns, Gregg was involved in business activities in Pennsylvania and operated a farm in Delaware.   Unhappy in civilian life, he applied for reinstatement in 1868, but lost out when his desired cavalry command went to his cousin, John I. Gregg.   In 1874, Gregg received an appointment as US Consul in Prague, Austria-Hungary from President Grant.   Departing, his time abroad proved brief as his wife suffered from homesickness.   Returning later that year, Gregg advocated for making Valley Forge a national shrine and in 1891 was elected Auditor General of Pennsylvania.   Serving one term, he remained active in civic affairs until his death on August 7, 1916.   Greggs remains were buried in Readings Charles Evans Cemetery.      Ã‚   Selected Sources Civil War Trust: David McM. GreggSmithsonian: David McM. GreggOhio Civil War: David McM. Gregg

Friday, February 14, 2020

Cyclical Economic Development in The Economic History Essay

Cyclical Economic Development in The Economic History - Essay Example This paper analyses the process of economic growth, which emerges from and as a consequence of cyclical development. In the 19th century, business cycles were not thought of as cycles at all but rather as spells of crises interrupting the smooth development of the economy. In later years, economists and non- economists alike began believing in the regularity of such crises, analyzing how they were spaced apart and associated with changing economic structures. Schumpeter (1939) suggested that the economic development proceeds cyclically rather than evenly because innovations are not evenly distributed through time, but appear, if at all, discontinuously in groups or swarms. Schumpeter identified the "four-phases" of a cycle. Starting from the mean, a boom is a rise which lasts until the peak is reached; a recession is the drop from the peak back to the mean; a depression is the slide from the mean down to the trough; a recovery is the rise from the trough back up to the mean. From the mean, we then move up into another boom and thus the beginning of another four-phase cycle. In a sense, any cycle of whatever duration can be described as going through these four phases - otherwise the fluctuations cannot be described as "cycles". Empirical evidence shows that throughout the 19th Century, the price level moved backward and forward heavily while output was much less subject to fluctuations. The following four Kondratiev waves (ranging between 48-60 years) have been identified - going through four phases of boom-recession- depression-recovery : (1) The Industrial Revolution (1787-1842), (2) The Bourgeois Kondratiev (1898-1950), (3) The Neo-Mercantilist Kondratiev (1898-1950): and (4) The Fourth Kondratiev (1950- 2010).

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Investigate the design of Lighting Systems, Electrical Energy Essay

Investigate the design of Lighting Systems, Electrical Energy Management and Tariffs - Essay Example This is done when the consumption is less and proper and no wastage of energy is there. The lamps and other devices should be of proper rating and proper standard. The design should be such that required illumination is obtained in a least possible cost. a) Fluorescent Lamp :- The basic construction of this type of lamp is that it has a discharge tube made up of glass. There are two electrodes at both the ends. This tube contains gases at certain pressure which on ionization emits light. The fluorescent powder is coated at both inside and outside the tube. The electrodes at both the ends are coated with some electron emitting material. A choke coil is connected in series with the lamp to stabilize current. One capacitor is also connected to compensate the power factor. This lamp emits white colour and widely used in homes, offices and shops. b) Electric Discharge Lamp :- These were the first type of lamps that were used. In these type of lamps there is a discharge tube in which two electrodes are connected to both ends and excited by electric source. The gas inside the tube gets ionized and emits light. There are various types of electric discharge lamps namely sodium vapour lamp and mercury vapour lamp. c) Filament Lamp :- In this lamp a fine filament is connected to the electrodes and excited which emits light. The construction of these kinds of lamps is very simple. Earlier fine carbon was used as element in these lamps later on tungsten was preferred in place of carbon. Principle of good lighting While designing lighting system following considerations should be done. 1) Proper illumination level :- This is the major factor because for proper vision the brightness of the object should be proper which depends on illumination level. Degree of illumination depends upon some factors like size of the object, distance from the observer, object background contrast. There are some standards made by ISI for illumination level in various parts of he building. For street lighting also some standards are made. Table below shows some average value of illumination level. Places Illumination level Heavy Traffic routes 30 Average traffic routes 15 Secondary roads with local traffic 8 Secondary roads with light traffic 4 2) Uniform Illusion :- The vision of eye depends on the brightness of the object. If the uniformity of light is there the eye has to adjust more. This will cause fatigue. The method to achieve uniform illumination Generalized light should also be employed with local light. 3) Colour of light :- The brightness of any object basically depends on colour of light falling on it. The composition of light should

Friday, January 24, 2020

An Analysis of Babi Yar :: Babi Yar Essays

An Analysis of Babi Yar Yevtushenko speaks in first person throughout the poem. This creates the tone of him being in the shoes of the Jews. As he says in lines 63-64, "No Jewish blood is mixed in mine, but let me be a Jew . . . " He writes the poem to evoke compassion for the Jews and make others aware of their hardships and injustices. "Only then can I call myself Russian." (lines 66-67). The poet writes of a future time when the Russian people realize that the Jews are people as well accept them as such. If you hate the Jews, he asks, why not hate me as well? True peace and unity will only occur when they have accepted everyone, including the Jews. Stanza I describes the forest of Babi Yar, a ravine on the outskirts of Kiev. It was the site of the Nazi massacre of more than thirty thousand Russian Jews on September 29-30, 1941. There is no memorial to the thirty thousand, but fear pervades the area. Fear that such a thing could occur at the hands of other humans. The poet feels the persecution and pain and fear of the Jews who stood there in this place of horror. Yevtushenko makes himself an Israelite slave of Egypt and a martyr who died for the sake of his religion. In lines 7-8, he claims that he still bars the marks of the persecution of the past. There is still terrible persecution of the Jews in present times because of their religion. These lines serve as the transition from the Biblical and ancient examples he gives to the allusions of more recent acts of hatred. The lines also allude to the fact that these Russian Jews who were murdered at Babi Yar were martyrs as well. The next ezza reminds us of another event in Jewish history where a Jew was persecuted solely because of his religious beliefs. The poet refers to the "pettiness" (line 11) of anti-Semitism as the cause of Dreyfus' imprisonment. Anti-Semitism is his "betrayer" (line 12) when he is framed, and anti-Semitism is his "judge" (line 12) when he is wrongly found guilty. Lines 13-14 claim that even the fine and supposedly civilized women of society shun Dreyfus because he is a Jew and fear him like they would fear an animal. In ezza III, Yevtushenko brings himself to the midst of the

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Nursing program

I have come to a point in life that many people have not.   I have made a firm decision to recommit myself to pursuing my dreams.   While there are those who believe that with an ounce of luck and a ton of persistence anything can be accomplished, I believe that there is no reason to expend so much energy and rely on luck.   I believe in taking hold of my destiny and carving out a future for myself based on the decisions that I make in life.   Life is simply too short and too precious to be left to luck alone.   This is why I have decided to apply at the National University Nursing Program to become a registered nurse. I have always wanted to help change the world.   As a child, I believed that if everyone did their own little part in taking that extra step to help others, the world would be a much better place for everyone.   The stark reality of it all hit me not long after that but it did not lessen my resolve.   I figured that if so many people I knew did not want to do their part in changing the world then I would probably have to do their share.   This is where my motivation to pursue nursing comes from; the drive to go the extra mile just to make a difference in this world. Early in life, I have always realized that my dream was to be able to help those less fortunate in life.   I have relentlessly pursued this dream and at present I am proud to say that I have had a lot of experience in the Nursing Field by acting as a private caregiver to the elderly in La Jolla.   I understand, however, that in order for me to turn these dreams into realities I need to get the training and proper experience necessary.   I see this as the first step in attaining my goals.   Eventually, I hope that my education with the National University over the next 2 years coupled with work in the neonatal intensive care unit as a registered nurse will allow me to live out my dreams. I see my goal in life as similar to that of Nurse Leader Mary Breckenridge in that I know that nursing plays a very important role in the world today.   There are few jobs and professions that are as rewarding as nursing.   While other jobs may get more publicity, the role that nurses play in the health care industry is highly valued and appreciated.   My motivation has to do with the fact that nursing is one of the ways by which I am able to do something that I really want to do in my life and that is to care and help other people.   More importantly, I greatly feel that by taking up nursing I can become a productive member of society. I remember vividly the first time that I had decided to become a registered nurse.   My Aunt had given birth prematurely and ended up losing her child.   She was only six months pregnant when this happened.   It was a traumatic and harrowing experience for all of us in the family.   Seeing her pain, I was determined to make sure that I would do all I could to help those in similar situations.   Much like my mother devoted her time to the less fortunate by completing her Masters in Special Education at the National University, I also plan to pattern my life after her example.   As such, I would also like to point out that I have continually improved my academic performance in school over the years. This was the factor that set the field of nursing apart from the other careers in the medical field.   The human involvement that is critical in nursing makes it the ideal profession for me.   The remunerations that one can receive from being a nurse are only secondary to the feeling of fulfillment from knowing that one was able to provide support to those in need.   These experiences that I took with me during my time in the hospital shaped my future and opened my eyes to the benefits that a career in nursing can provide. Pursuing my career in nursing is just the first step in my plan.   Much like Nurse Leader Mary Breckenridge has done, I too want to be just more than a nurse.   I would like to have the opportunity to take a bigger role in making the world a better place to live.   My main philosophy in life is to lead by setting an example. I cannot expect others to do what I myself would be willing to do but that does not mean that I cannot hope that others will see the example that I have shown them. This philosophy is one of the many forces that drive me to pursue my dream of pursuing a career in nursing and of becoming so much more in life.   The chance to help those who are less fortunate in life, the chance to help others, the opportunity to be of service to humanity; these are the reasons why I have selected nursing as the profession that I will pursue; for, as Eleanor Roosevelt once said, â€Å"The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬       

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Traditions and Customs in Romania - 4023 Words

Romania is situated in the southeast of Europe, to the north of the Balkan Mountains. It has a population of about 23 million inhabitants. Most of its people are of Roman origin-in fact, â€Å"Romania† means â€Å"land of the Romans†. But there are also Hungarians, Germans, Serbs, Tartars, and Russians who make up the rest of the population. The official language is Romanian, the only language of Latin origin in Eastern Europe. Brought up to respect religious traditions, the majority of Romanians is Orthodox (nearly 87 percent). Protestants are the next largest denomination at 6.8 percent with Catholics making up 5.6 percent of the population. A small number of Muslims also live in Romania. Romanian Orthodox Church, in common with all Eastern†¦show more content†¦The white blouse is also a basic item in male costume, tightened at the waist with a woolen sash or leather belt. This is usually worn with narrow, white trousers. A typical piece of headgear for men i s the hat made of lambskin, black felt, or straw-depending on the time of year and the local tradition. Romania preserved a significant number of traditional customs and celebrations manifest within the strong community of the village. Ceremonies dedicated to the significant moments of ones life (birth, wedding, death), to natural cycles (such as solstice, equinox, harvest, springtime) or to the big religious celebrations, follow the same archaic mythical rituals they did a thousand years ago. Even though preformed in 21st century in villages marked by modernization, such traditional rites havent diminish their prestige. They still provide viable answers to how to live in harmony with the environment and community, that the present social and economical system cannot furnish. During winter solstice, when the sun is weak and frost and dryness take over, Romanian peasants conceived ceremonies to help the Sun and Nature to overcome this temporary crisis. For 12 days between Christmas and St. John on January 7th, all Romanian villages have specific celebrations, starting with childrens caroling on Christmas eve: â€Å"Mos Ajun† or â€Å"Buna Dimineata† (Good Morning). Well spread throughoutShow MoreRelatedCelebrating Easter in Romania Essay527 Words   |  3 PagesOne of the most important religious holidays in Romania is Easter, the annual festival commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is celebrated on a Sunday on changeable dates between March and April. Usually it is a week after the Catholic Easter. In Romania, the Christian Church says that Jesus was born during the winter solstice and his death followed by his resurrection happened during the spring equinox. 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